An obligation, not a label
A clause is addressed by the content address of its kind and text, with the label deliberately excluded. Renaming a clause loses no evidence. Rewording one invalidates exactly that clause’s evidence, and nothing else’s. That inversion is the whole mechanism: under citations bound to a label, a reworded clause keeps evidence for wording nobody checked.
Every rung above a green check rests on a demonstrated failure
A green check establishes that something ran, not that the obligation holds — a test with no assertion passes, and so does one whose fixture never reaches the condition the clause cares about. So nothing climbs past E2 on a passing run. A check must be on record failing against a counter-artifact; a proof must have been refuted against a counter-model.
A counter-artifact is an artifact state, not an edit
Nothing says the state in which a check should fail is one edit away from the state in which it passes. An obligation enforced in two independent places survives either edit alone, so a counter-artifact may declare several edits, applied together and reverted together — and the witness records how many it took.
Where the expectation comes from
A check’s anchor is declared: specification, state, or unstated. An oracle whose expected value is derived from the system it judges cannot disagree with that system when a fault moves the measurement and the expectation together, so an unstated anchor caps evidence at E2 however the check behaved.
Two axes, because they fail separately
A grade says how hard the obligation would be to violate unnoticed. An attestation says who established that. A proof nobody independent of the implementer ever saw, and a citation from an independent auditor, are each strong on one axis and weakest on the other. Both are capped at the minimum over the owed obligations, independently.
Evidence that survives change it did not depend on
A witness carries a signed footprint: the parts of the artifact it actually depended on. A later state whose parts still contain every footprint member keeps the evidence alive; one that does not makes it stale and says so. An empty footprint means the whole artifact, which is the conservative reading.
Drift is a partition, not a warning
Between two revisions, every clause lands in exactly one of kept, relabelled, reworded, added or removed. Relabelling is editorial and costs nothing. Rewording invalidates that clause’s evidence. The question “did this edit change what is owed” has a mechanical answer.
The ceremony has a price, in joules
Microjoules per falsifiable obligation, with the energy of the work and the energy of the evidence accounted separately, and the specified share reported as integer parts-per-million. Every aggregate carries the weakest provenance that fed it — a figure graded as a default guess stays a guess however precisely it is printed.